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Knowing what to do about the fluency problem is even tougher. Identifying the CAUSE of the problem is not as easy. The problem is easily identified by listening to them read. Often times a formal reading fluency measure is not needed to determine a child's reading fluency is below grade level.

Their lack of code knowledge is many times the cause of their poor reading fluency. Place these cards in your classroom (on a pocket chart) as a reference during reading activities and instruction.Ĭode Variation and Code Overlap cause a great deal of confusion for many children. Place the vowel combination label on one side of an index card and their overlap sounds label on the other side. Print the following template on Avery 8163 labels. Print the poster for a handy reference during reading activities and instruction. For example, the letter combination 'ea' can stand for the sound /ee/ as in 'read', /ae/ as in 'steak' or /e/ as in 'head'.Ĭonfused by code overlap? This reference organizes the most frequent occurring code overlap in the written English language.

Code overlap refers to the fact that some letters and/or combinations of letters can represent more than one sound. This inherent aspect of the English written language is called CODE OVERLAP and is illustrated by the picture to the left. Specifically, children must understand that: sometimes two or more letters represent a sound Now that your child or student(s) has established the alphabetic principle and is able to decode basic code words, it is time to teach them the reading skills needed to decode words containing advanced code. Mastering the above skills is quite an achievement and places beginning or struggling readers on the path to reading success. If your child or student has not established these essential early literacy skills go to the Phonemic Awareness Activities and the Reading Activities I pages for reading activities designed to improve these phonemic awareness and early reading skills.